Parsons, David R. 1975. Time and energy budgets of a population of dippers (Cinclus mexicanus) during winter in the Cascade Range of Oregon. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University. 29 p. M.S. thesis.
A time and energy budget was constructed for a population ofdippers (Cinclus mexicanus) in the Cascade Range of Oregon duringwinter. A total of 12, 202 point observations of activity were madefrom nine observation blinds from 19 November 1973 to 10 February1974. Approximately 50 percent of all observations were of foragingactivity and no significant differences were observed between morningand afternoon activity patterns. Multiple linear regression analysisindicated significant negative correlations between time spent foragingand mean temperature during the active day (P of the 24-hour period (P strong negative correlation between exploratory behavior and foraging.Passive behavior was inversely related to foraging and directlyrelated to the length of the photoperiod (P ments for foraging, exploratory behavior, passive behavior, andnighttime activity were estimated to be 15.2, 7.7, 2.1, and 8.5 kcal/bird day, respectively, for the average day during the study. Thecaloric equivalent of food consumed was estimated to be 47. 9 kcal/bird day. The population of dippers on the 5.5 km of stream investi-gated ingested an estimated 51,207 kcal from 15 November to15 February.