Hickman, James C. 1976. Non-forest vegetation of the central western Cascade mountains of Oregon. Northwest Science. 50(3): 145-155.
Although non-forested areas in the Western Cascade Mountains of central Oregon are small inarea, they are of floristic, ecological, and evolutionary importance. The wettest and driest com-munities succeed slowly, or nor at all, to forest; but long-term maintenance of mesic meadows belowtimberline must he attributed to continued disturbance by frost, rodents, fires, and mass wasting.In order of decreasing moisture availability, the 12 communities described are: Ca!tha/Carex/Docle-catheon Bog; Alimulus/Lezeisia/ Alliwn Seep; Veiatrum/Vaic-riana/So:ecio Wet Meadow; Orogenia/Dicentra/Erithronium Snowbed, Samburus ICardamine/Campanu!a Talus; Rubus/Ptcridium Mea-
dow; Bromus/Rudbeckia Meadow; Selaginelb/Saxtfraga/Per5ternon Cliff-face; Gilia/Polygonurn /
Eriogonunz Lithosolic Meadow; Quercus/ Rhus/Bromus -Savanna"; Erir)ph )llunt/Castilleja/SedumLithosol; Lotus/Chrysothanznus/Alliurn Tuffaceous Gravel. More than 200 vascular plant speciesare assigned to the communities of which they are characteristic members.