Color of immature cones of several Pacific Northwest conifers

In the Cascade and Coast Rangesof Oregon and Washington /Thies amabilis, /1.lasiocarpa, .1. magnifica var. shastensis, .1. pro-cera, Picea engelmannii, Pinus monticola, Pseudo-tsuga menziesii, and Tsuga mertensiana can pro-duce immature cones either red (or purple) orgreen in color. Abundance and distribution ofthe color varies in each species. Variation incone coloration on individual trees is related toexposure of the cones to sunlight.