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Literature cited Brown, J.K. 1974. Handbook for inventorying downed woody material. USDA-FS Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-16. 24 pp. Burgan, R.E. 1988. 1988 revisions to the 1978 National Fire Danger Rating System. Res. Pap. SE-273. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station. 39 p. Franklin, J.F., H.H. Shugart, and M.E. Harmon. 1987. Tree death as an ecological process. Bioscience 37:550-556. Graham, R. L. 1982. Biomass dynamics of dead Douglas-fir and western hemlock boles in mid-elevation forests of the Cascade Range. PhD Thesis Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. Graham, R. L., and K. Cromack. 1982. Mass, nutrient content, and decay rate of dead boles in rain forests of Olympic National Park. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 12:511-521. Harmon, M.E., O. Krankina, and J. Sexton. 2000. Decomposition vectors: a new approach to estimating woody detritus decomposition dynamics. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30:76-84. Harmon, M. E. and J. Sexton. 1996. Guidelines for measurements of woody detritus in forest ecosystems. LTER Network Office Publication Number 20. Harmon, M. E., K. Cromack Jr. and B. G. Smith. 1987. Coarse woody debris in mixed-conifer forests, Sequoia National Park, California. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17:1265-1272. Harmon, M. E., J. F. Franklin, F. J. Swanson, P. Sollins, S. V. Gregory, J. D. Lattin,.N. H. Anderson, S. P. Cline, N. G. Aumen, J. R. Sedel,l, G. W. Lienkamper, K. Cromack Jr., and K. W. Cummins. 1986. Ecology of coarse woody debris in temperate ecosystems. Advances in Ecological Research 15:133-302. Means, J. E., K. Cromack Jr. and P. C. MacMillan 1985. Comparison of decomposition models using wood density of Douglas-fir logs. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15:1092-1098. Sollins, P., S. P. Cline, T. Verhoeven, D. Sachs, and G. Spycher. 1987. Patterns of log decay in old-growth Douglas-fir forests. Canadian Journal of forest Research 17:1585-1595. Sollins, P. 1982. Input and decay of coarse woody debris in coniferous stands in western Oregon and Washington. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 12:18-28. US Forest Products Laboratory. 1974. Wood handbook: wood as an engineering material. USDA Agricultural Handbook 72, revised. Woodall, C.W., and M.S. Williams. 2005. Sampling protocols, estimation procedures, and analytical guidelines for down woody materials indicator of the Forest Inventory and Analysis Program. USDA Forest Service, Gen. Tech . Rep. 256, North Central Research Station. 47 p. Woodall, C.W., and D. Lutes. 2004. Sensitivity analysis of down woody
material data processing routines. Pages 199 to 202 in The Joint Meeting
of the Fourth Annual FIA Science Symposium and the Southern Forest
Mensurationists. New Orleans, LA. Nov. 19-21, 2002. |
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