Franklin, Jerry F.; Carkin, Richard; Booth, Jack. 1974. Seeding habits of upper-slope tree species: 1. A 12-year record of cone production. Res. Note PNW-213. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 12 p.
A 12-year study of cone production by noble,Pacific silver, grand, white, subaZpine, andShasta red firs, mountain hemlock, western whitepine, and Engelmann spruce shows that upper-sZopespecies produce medium to heavy crops at 2- to3-year intervals at most locations. The 1968cone crop was the heaviest observed to date.
Keywords: Cone counting, Coniferae.